Certainly! Here’s the detailed explanation in English of the question: “Does God exist?” — from philosophical, scientific, and religious perspectives.
1. Philosophical Perspective
a. Theism
Theists believe in the existence of God — a supreme being who is the creator of the universe, omnipotent, omniscient, and the source of morality.
Arguments:
Cosmological Argument: Everything has a cause. Since the universe had a beginning, it must have a cause — and that cause is God. Teleological Argument (Design Argument): The universe exhibits order, purpose, and complexity. Such intricate design implies the existence of a Designer — God. Moral Argument: Our sense of right and wrong implies a moral lawgiver — God — as the source of objective moral values.
b. Atheism
Atheists reject the belief in any deity or divine being. They view the concept of God as a human invention.
Arguments:
Scientific Progress: Many phenomena once attributed to gods (e.g., rain, disease) are now explained by science. Problem of Evil: If an all-good, all-powerful God exists, why is there so much suffering, injustice, and evil in the world? Contradictory Gods: Different religions claim different gods with conflicting attributes. If only one can be true, which one?
c. Agnosticism
Agnostics maintain that the existence or non-existence of God is unknown or unknowable. The question is beyond human understanding.
2. Scientific Perspective
a. Science Is Neutral
Science does not confirm or deny the existence of God. It relies on observation, experimentation, and natural laws. Since God is a metaphysical concept, science does not have the tools to prove or disprove Him.
b. Big Bang Theory and God
The Big Bang theory suggests the universe had a beginning about 13.8 billion years ago. Some argue that this beginning must have a cause — potentially a divine one.
c. Fine-Tuning Argument
The physical constants of the universe are so precisely balanced that life is possible. Some scientists see this as evidence of intelligent design, while others suggest multiverse theories.
3. Religious Perspective
a. Islam
In Islam, God is called Allah — the One, eternal, self-sufficient creator of everything.
Arguments:
Natural Instinct (Fitrah): The Quran says humans are created with an innate recognition of God. Revelation and Miracles: The Quran is seen as a divine miracle that cannot be replicated. Prophethood: The life and truthfulness of prophets, especially Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), are seen as signs of God’s existence.
b. Christianity
God is seen as a loving Father who sent Jesus (peace be upon him) to save humanity. Jesus’ resurrection is considered a divine proof.
c. Hinduism
Hinduism has many deities but also speaks of a supreme, universal reality called Brahman, from which everything originates.
d. Buddhism
Buddhism generally does not center around a creator God. It focuses on self-realization, ethics, and the cycle of rebirth.
Summary Table
Perspective
View on God
Theism
Belief in God as Creator and moral authority
Atheism
Denial of God; a human invention
Agnosticism
Uncertain; beyond human knowledge
Science
Neutral; does not address the question
Islam
One God (Allah), knowable through prophets and revelation
Christianity
Personal, loving God revealed through Jesus
Hinduism
Many gods or one universal spirit (Brahman)
Buddhism
Focus on self-enlightenment; non-theistic
“I believe that Allah exists. The reason is that scientific laws can change.” yes God exist